组团学

Apache 默认网站

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一、默认网站

每一个web服务器软件一般默认都会提供一个用于测试的网站,apache也为用户提供了一个默认网站。默认网站的配置写在默认配置文件中。

二、配置文件

[root@zutuanxue conf]# cat httpd.conf

# # This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See (URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/); for detailed information. # In particular, see # URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html; # for a discussion of each configuration directive. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/access_log" # with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the # server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log", whereas "/logs/access_log" # will be interpreted as '/logs/access_log'. # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point # ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the # Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the # same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at # least PidFile. # #apache软件根目录,apache安装路径。 ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache" # # Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory # for individual mutexes, or change the global defaults # # Uncomment and change the directory if mutexes are file-based and the default # mutex file directory is not on a local disk or is not appropriate for some # other reason. # # Mutex default:logs # # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the &lt;VirtualHost&gt; # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #设置apache监听端口及监听IP地址 #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 # # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support # # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need # to be loaded here. # # 动态共享对象支持,使用LoadModule指令为apaceh添加功能模块 --enable-so # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # # 可载入模块,参考(http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/) LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so #LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so #LoadModule mpm_worker_module modules/mod_mpm_worker.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so #LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so #LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so #LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so #LoadModule authn_socache_module modules/mod_authn_socache.so LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so #LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so #LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so #LoadModule authz_dbd_module modules/mod_authz_dbd.so LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so #LoadModule auth_form_module modules/mod_auth_form.so #LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so #LoadModule allowmethods_module modules/mod_allowmethods.so #LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so #LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so #LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so #LoadModule cache_socache_module modules/mod_cache_socache.so #LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so #LoadModule socache_dbm_module modules/mod_socache_dbm.so #LoadModule socache_memcache_module modules/mod_socache_memcache.so #LoadModule socache_redis_module modules/mod_socache_redis.so #LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so #LoadModule macro_module modules/mod_macro.so #LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so #LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so #LoadModule buffer_module modules/mod_buffer.so #LoadModule ratelimit_module modules/mod_ratelimit.so LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so #LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so #LoadModule request_module modules/mod_request.so #LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so #LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so #LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so #LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so #LoadModule log_debug_module modules/mod_log_debug.so #LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so #LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so #LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so #LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so #LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so #LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so #LoadModule proxy\_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so #LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so #LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so #LoadModule proxy_uwsgi_module modules/mod_proxy_uwsgi.so #LoadModule proxy_fdpass_module modules/mod_proxy_fdpass.so #LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so #LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so #LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so #LoadModule proxy_express_module modules/mod_proxy_express.so #LoadModule proxy_hcheck_module modules/mod_proxy_hcheck.so #LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so #LoadModule session_cookie_module modules/mod_session_cookie.so #LoadModule session_dbd_module modules/mod_session_dbd.so #LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so #LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so #LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so #LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so #LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so LoadModule unixd_module modules/mod_unixd.so #LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so #LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so #LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so #LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so #LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so #LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so #LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so #LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so #LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so #启用模块 unixd_module 设置apache守护进程httpd的管理用户和组 #启用模块注意格式 <IfModule 模块名称_module> #结束</IfModule> #启用的前提是已经使用LoadModule指令载入了该模块 <IfModule unixd\_module> # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # #指定守护进程httpd的管理用户 User daemon #指定守护进程httpd的管理组 Group daemon </IfModule> # 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # &lt;VirtualHost&gt; definition. These values also provide defaults for # any &lt;VirtualHost&gt; containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside &lt;VirtualHost&gt; containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com # #指定管理员email地址 ServerAdmin you@example.com # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # #指定服务器在DNS上注册的名称 FQDN #ServerName www.example.com:80 ServerName 127.0.0.1 # # Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must # explicitly permit access to web content directories in other # &lt;Directory&gt; blocks below. # #apache 目录访问权限 #使用<Directory /path> 指定目录路径 #拒绝用户通过apache访问你的文件系统/及以下的所有内容 <Directory > #是否允许.htaccess实现权限复写 AllowOverride none #设置所有人的访问权限 denied 拒绝 granted允许 Require all denied #设置结束用</Directory>指令结束 </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # #使用DocumentRoot指定WEB站点的根目录 DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs" #对默认网站根目录设置访问权限 <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"> # # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. # # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # (http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options) # for more information. # Options Indexes FollowSymLinks #Indexes 站点中有index页面优先加载 #FollowSymLinks 在WEB站点根目录允许使用链接文件 # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # #不许使用权限复写 AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # #允许所有人访问网站根目录 Require all granted </Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. #指定站点的默认索引文件 <IfModule dir\_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # #是否允许在目录下使用.htaccess 和 .htpassswd文件设置客户端对网站目录访问权限 #.htaccess 访问控制 #.htpasswd 用户登陆验证 #拒绝在目录下使用.ht开头的文件 <Files ".ht\*"> Require all denied </Files> # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # #错误日志 ErrorLog "logs/error_log" # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error\_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # #错误日志记录级别:debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,alert, emerg. LogLevel warn #启用日志模块 <IfModule log\_config\_module> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # #定义日志格式 LogFormat "日志格式" 日志格式名称 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %&gt;s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %&gt;s %b" common <IfModule logio\_module> # 在访问日志中记录每个请求的输入输出字节 %I input %O output # You need to enable mod\_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %&gt;s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a &lt;VirtualHost&gt; # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and \*not\* in this file. # #定义访问日志路径及日志格式 CustomLog "logs/access_log" common # # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. # #CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined </IfModule> #使用目录映射 <IfModule alias\_module> # # URL重定向 # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location. # Example: # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar #URL重定向 Redirect 方法 选项 #不同机器重定向将访问http://IP/abc 的用户 重定向访问 http:/www.baidu.com Redirect permanent /abc http://www.baidu.com #本机内部URL重定向 http://IP/123 http://IP/7878 ==注意==:被重定向的目录必须存在 比如7878必须有 Redirect permanent /123 /7878 #seeother 表示改资源被替换过 Redirect seeother /123 /7878 #gone 表示改资源被移除了 Redirect gone /123 #permanent 永久重定向 301 #temp 临时重定向 #seeother 返回一个seeother状态码(303)提示这个资源被替代 #gone 返回一个gone状态码(410)提示这个资源被永久删除了 # # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. # Example: # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path # # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to # the filesystem path. #Alias 将URI中的没用了映射到文件系统目录(绝对路径) #比如将网站URL http://ip/abc 访问的/abc目录映射到文件系统/usr/local/apache/htdocs/7878 Alias /abc /usr/local/apache/htdocs/7878 #需要注意是文件系统路径 # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias # directives as to Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/" #脚本目录别名 </IfModule> #使用外部CGI守护进程执行CGI脚本 <IfModule cgid_module> # # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod\_cgid. # #Scriptsock cgisock </IfModule> # # "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # #CGI目录的访问权限 <Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory> #自定义http的请求头和响应头 #RequestHeader 设置请求头 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html #Header 设置响应头 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html <IfModule headers\_module> # # Avoid passing HTTP\_PROXY environment to CGI's on this or any proxied # backend servers which have lingering "httpoxy" defects. # 'Proxy' request header is undefined by the IETF, not listed by IANA # RequestHeader unset Proxy early </IfModule> #将请求的文件扩展名与文件的行为(处理程序和筛选器)和内容(mime类型、语言、字符集和编码)相关联。 #明确告诉apache 可以接受什么类型的文件 <IfModule mime_module> # # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type. # TypesConfig conf/mime.types # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi # For type maps \(negotiated resources\): #AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddType text/html .shtml #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # #MIMEMagicFile conf/magic # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing\_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 [http://www.example.com/subscription\_info.html](http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html) # # # MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before # returning the entire resource, or one of the special # values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'. # Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges. #MaxRanges unlimited # # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver # files. This usually improves server performance, but must # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise # broken on your system. # Defaults: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off # #EnableMMAP off #EnableSendfile on # Supplemental configuration # # The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be # included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as # necessary. #Include 包含子配置文件 # Server-pool management \(MPM specific\) #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf # Multi-language error messages #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf # Fancy directory listings #Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf # Language settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf # User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf # Real-time info on requests and configuration #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf # Virtual hosts #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf # Various default settings #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf # Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1 #启动代理模块 <IfModule proxy\_html_module> Include conf/extra/proxy-html.conf </IfModule>; # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf # # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod\_ssl. # #启用ssl模块 <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule>;
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