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搭建 Dashboard

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Kubernetes Dashboard 是 Kubernetes 集群的基于 Web 的通用 UI。它允许用户管理在群集中运行的应用程序并对其进行故障排除,以及管理群集本身。

mkdir /opt/dashboard cd /opt/dashboard 创建 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 31000 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs namespace: kube-system type: Opaque --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf namespace: kube-system type: Opaque data: csrf: "" --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder namespace: kube-system type: Opaque --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings namespace: kube-system --- kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system rules: # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"] verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"] # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"] verbs: ["get", "update"] # Allow Dashboard to get metrics. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["proxy"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services/proxy"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["get"] --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard rules: # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"] resources: ["pods", "nodes"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: kubernetes-dashboard subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard spec: containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0 imagePullPolicy: Always ports: - containerPort: 8443 protocol: TCP args: - --auto-generate-certificates - --namespace=kube-system # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work. # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port volumeMounts: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs mountPath: /certs # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTPS path: / port: 8443 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 volumes: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs secret: secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kube-system spec: ports: - port: 8000 targetPort: 8000 selector: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper annotations: seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default' spec: containers: - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4 ports: - containerPort: 8000 protocol: TCP livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTP path: / port: 8000 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule volumes: - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml kubectl get pod -n kube-system kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system

查看资源状态:

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我们可以看到默认的 SVC 类型是 ClusterIP , 用命令 kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system 将其修改为 NodePort ,看到了暴露的端口号,这个时候我们使用 https://master IP :端口号 进行访问,因为浏览器的问题可能会被拦截,可以使用火狐浏览器进行访问:

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通过如下命令就能得到我们的令牌: kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-token # kubernetes-dashboard-token-rnjmx kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 32m kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-rnjmx -n kube-system

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Metrics Server 部署

​介绍 Metrics Server 前首先介绍下 Heapster,该工具是用于 Kubernetes 集群监控和性能分析工具,可以收集节点上的指标数据,例如,节点的 CPU、Memory、Network 和 Disk 的 Metric 数据。不过在 Kubernetes V1.11 版本后将被逐渐废弃。而 Metrics Server 正是 Heapster 的代替者。

​ Metrics Server 是 Kubernetes 集群核心监控数据的聚合器,可以通过 Metrics API 的形式获取 Metrics 数据,不过仅仅是获取指标的最新值,不对旧值进行存储,且不负责将指标转发到第三方目标。Metrics Server 还可以与 Kubectl 工具结合使用,提供 kubectl top 命令来展示集群中的指标数据,接下来我们开始部署 Metrics Server

cat metrics-server.yaml ## ServiceAccount apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: metrics-server namespace: kube-system --- ## ClusterRole aggregated-metrics-reader apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader labels: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true" rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true" rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true" rules: - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"] resources: ["pods","nodes"] verbs: ["get","list","watch"] --- ## ClusterRole metrics-server apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: name: system:metrics-server rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["pods","nodes","nodes/stats","namespaces","configmaps"] verbs: ["get","list","watch"] --- ## ClusterRoleBinding auth-delegator apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: system:auth-delegator subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: metrics-server namespace: kube-system --- ## RoleBinding metrics-server-auth-reader apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: metrics-server-auth-reader namespace: kube-system roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: metrics-server namespace: kube-system --- ## ClusterRoleBinding system:metrics-server apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: system:metrics-server roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: system:metrics-server subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: metrics-server namespace: kube-system --- ## APIService apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: APIService metadata: name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io spec: service: name: metrics-server namespace: kube-system group: metrics.k8s.io version: v1beta1 insecureSkipTLSVerify: true groupPriorityMinimum: 100 versionPriority: 100 --- ## Service apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: metrics-server namespace: kube-system labels: kubernetes.io/name: "Metrics-server" kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true" spec: selector: k8s-app: metrics-server ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 4443 --- ## Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: metrics-server namespace: kube-system labels: k8s-app: metrics-server spec: selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: metrics-server template: metadata: name: metrics-server labels: k8s-app: metrics-server spec: hostNetwork: true serviceAccountName: metrics-server containers: - name: metrics-server image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.6 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent args: - --cert-dir=/tmp - --secure-port=4443 - --kubelet-insecure-tls - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalDNS,InternalIP,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP,Hostname ports: - name: main-port containerPort: 4443 protocol: TCP securityContext: readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsNonRoot: true runAsUser: 1000 resources: limits: memory: 1Gi cpu: 1000m requests: memory: 1Gi cpu: 1000m volumeMounts: - name: tmp-dir mountPath: /tmp - name: localtime readOnly: true mountPath: /etc/localtime volumes: - name: tmp-dir emptyDir: {} - name: localtime hostPath: type: File path: /etc/localtime nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/os: linux kubernetes.io/arch: "amd64"

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